A little physics will help overcome you.
To solve the gases O2 and CO2 in the water.
on the border of the two media by an exchange of air and water contents held until equilibrium of the concentrations (partial pressures) sets of these substances. The respective concentrations are from each other, but also on the temperature and other factors. CO2 and O2 dissolved in the water independently.
oxygen
is known many that the oxygen saturation in the water, especially on the temperature at 20 ° C correspond to about 9 mg / l of oxygen 100% saturation, at higher temperatures, we have less oxygen in the water. In particular, fish and bacteria to consume oxygen dissolved in water. He therefore always diffuses from the air into the water. It is especially on the surface quickly to balance the concentrations and oxygen-rich water collects on the surface. The upper layers are therefore relatively rich in oxygen, the water in the deeper layers, however depleted of oxygen. If the water is recirculated, so oxygen-poor water comes from the deeper layers above and can also absorb oxygen, the concentration balance in the water is accelerated and the entire volume can be enriched with oxygen. A slight movement of the water surface is a sure sign of sufficient circulation. The surface movement is really only as a signal for the circulation of the water. Is an easy surface movement is present, sufficient oxygen can diffuse into the water. In addition, we have in an aquarium with fish and by convection is always a certain amount of water circulation without a pump or sparkling stone.
plants and oxygen
Another supplier of oxygen in the aquarium, the water plants. We all know the principle of photosynthesis. In their metabolism and the development of biomass falls to oxygen they give to the water. Again, this is the fish of oxygen and bacteria for respiration are available. However, the plants take in the dark again on oxygen from the water when they implement the day filled energy storage at night in the further metabolism. (Keywords assimilation and dissimilation of plants)
When I have enough oxygen in the water?
Fish take oxygen from the water over the gills. Species from fast-flowing cold and oxygen-rich waters are adapted to higher oxygen levels than fish from warmer and more peaceful waters. For most of our fish range from a salary of at least 2 mg / l. If they are adapted for long periods in higher oxygen levels, it can happen that they get even at higher concentrations, difficulties and gasping for air. So you can slowly adapt to lower oxygen levels. There may be species-specific limits.
evening should the oxygen level is therefore higher than the 2 mg / L., as plants need oxygen at night also.
If the fish grab the morning just before turning on the light at the surface for air, security should be a night to oxygen (air pump and aerator) considering
one Cast out with a sparkling stone CO2?
When CO2 is running the other way around. Here dissolve depending on CO2 concentration of air about 0.5 - 1.5 mg / l of CO2 in the water. As the CO2 content in the water is usually higher, especially if additional CO2 fertilization, the water keeps losing to CO2. These losses are higher, the faster the water is also circulated. A balance would be depending on environmental conditions, this is much of the CO2 in the air, at about 0.5 - 2 mg / l set CO2 in the water.
it would be wrong to dispense with the additional CO2 fertilization on a surface movement entirely, for then there is a risk of dangerous oxygen depletion. This can happen especially at night when the plants emit no oxygen, but instead go in the opposite oxygen. Metabolic processes of bacteria also consume oxygen.
CO2 surface losses are greater, the higher the movement is and the higher the CO2 concentration in the water.
It is important to ensure that sufficient oxygen in the water and the pump or the water spout according to is.
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