General:
The importance of water levels is often overestimated by beginners. For the care of a large part of our aquarium fish our tap water is suitable enough. It maintains some nerds, you want to breed certain fish or change its water treatment and then acquired the knowledge of the water parameters, their size and chemical relationships, a certain Wichtigkeit.Im following are the most important Water-treated values.
the pH value:
The pH is a measure of whether an aqueous solution has acidic or basic. The value 7.0 indicates a neutral solution, the value is higher than 7, so the solution is alkaline or basic, the value is less than 7, so the solution is acidic.
The letters pH stand for pondus or potentia hydrogenating (pondus = weight; potentia = force; hydrogenating = hydrogen)
Defines the pH as the negative logarithm of the activity of hydronium ions pH = - lg (CH 3 O +)
total hardness (GH ):
The total rate is the sum of the alkaline earth metal ions, These are beryllium (Be + +), calcium (Ca + +), magnesium (Mg + +), strontium (Sr + +), barium (Ba + +) and radium (Ra + +). What is measured by our test are essentially calcium and magnesium, which other substances are only in negligible concentrations. The statement is abbreviated in German degrees of hardness ° GCH.
The GH is a measure of the hardness of the water.
to in the hobby is still known measure "degree of total German hardness (° GCH) is a traditional unit for the hardness of the water. In the analysis of water utilities, the total hardness usually pro in millimoles per liter (mmol / l) or mole cubic meters (Mol / m 3 ) reported, the conversion factor is 0.179 mmol / l equivalent to 1 ° GCH.
are available for the aquarium there are simple tests based on a color change reaction.
is to a defined amount of test water with added dropwise an indicator. The number of drops is then the hardness in ° GCH.
carbonate:
KH is the part of GH, which is lost in cooking. The carbonates covered thereby as insoluble calcium. Carbonates are the salts of carbonic acid. Here, then, magnesium and calcium carbonate. We call this proportion and temporary hardness.
is why GH = KH (temporary hardness) + permanent hardness. The KH usually also expressed in degrees of hardness ° dKH.
alkalinity SBV:
In the aquarium we measure but not the actual KH but the alkalinity of SBV. All carbonates, not just magnesium and calcium but also sodium and other such form, in water with CO 2 or carbonic acid, a buffer system stabilizes the pH. This measure of the acid binding capacity we gather with our aquarium KH tests.
The unit of acid binding capacity is also in mmol / l or expressed mol/m3. 1 mmol / l alkalinity (to pH 4.3) correspond to 2.8 degrees carbonate. 21.8 mg / l bicarbonate are 1 degree KH.
In the aquarium, we continue to use the old name ° KH.
The test works as the test for GH, drop by drop, we give an indicator to a defined amount of test water. Again, the number of drops, the hardness results in ° dKH.
Man, the accuracy of the tests increase GH and KH, in which one test as a multiple of the amount of water, takes a drop of indicator solution is then the corresponding part of a degree KH.
example: 2x Test set: 1 drop = (½) of 0.5 ° KH / GH or 4 times
Test set: 1 drop = (¼) 0.25 ° KH / GH.
Because we just do not measure the classical KH, but the whole of carbonates, the measured KH also be larger than the GH.
to be precise in measuring the alkalinity (titration with hydrochloric acid to cause an indicator of a color change at pH 4.3), not only the carbonates detected, but at pH buffering substances.
carbon dioxide CO 2
The carbonates and the CO 2 influence the pH value. This relationship can be seen from the known tables. These tables and calculation tools specify the exact content of CO 2 with known pH and KH values, if no other pH are influencing matter in water. Unfortunately, our aquarium test methods for determining of pH and KH for these calculations are too inaccurate and inappropriate these tables for the aquarium.
recent endurance test for CO 2 show up depending on the pH and KH by color change, the relative CO 2 amount sufficient ',' too little 'or' too much 'CO 2 in the water. For pH and KH can then determine the CO 2 value.
sufficiently accurate for purposes aquaristic CO2 values are also obtained by CO 2 spot test with the help of the total CO 2 content and the blank (difference method).
carbon dioxide is an important growth regulator for plants. In very can be planted densely and well-lit aquarium, it make sense to feed CO 2 . A concentration of 10 - 15 mg / l is considered adequate.
CO 2 is often recommended to lower pH value. This is only a very limited extent, because values above 20 mg / l for sensitive fish already may lead to problems.
The list can be supplemented by additional parameters. So my request, and should at least who requests or has questions about certain values that are included here, or he may want answered, so please email me to express formulated set, or as a comment here.
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