Sunday, December 30, 2007
What To Use Instead Of A Baking Tray
a new aquarium to set up a drop, then some decisions about the future stocking with the selection of basic equipment and decorations. A pool for residents of the East African Lakes receives a grave from the stone overhangs and a rather coarse gravel. A pure Artaquarium for some Killifischarten is equipped with peat and leaves as a substrate and who wants to maintain armored catfish or other fish or even Dorn gründelnde eyes that will probably opt for sand as a substrate.
When aiming at a Artaquarium for a single species, is planning to extend the number and evtll. The gender balance on the behavior and needs just this one article
The most common type is perhaps the community aquarium. These are for various species and a wide choice of fish with different requirements and needs, offering a harmonious and decorative image in the apartment. But not always is such a motley patches without problems. Is it that area to make claims of one kind or of individual fish to the rest of stocking a peaceful life difficult for other fish or decorative and beautiful long fins are not granted. This
strife in the aquarium can be avoided by a plan of stocks. A harmonious combination prevents excessive stress, thus preventing disease and our roommates brought a long life. If you make it so possible that can develop the various types and residents with their needs you will have the full repertoire of different behaviors can watch the fish. For example, there are territorial behavior of the fish or their courtship and beautiful wedding dresses of the females that brood care, and more.
things to consider now in detail?
number of fish
The number of individuals
plays first, the total number of individuals an important role, not only for the mini-biosphere aquarium but also provide the necessary habitat for the single individual and species-specific requirements. A single
Disc has a greater need for space and clean water as a wedge or a Rotkopfsalmler spot cash. Sumatra barbs need in relation to body size and more space for free swimming space than a honeycomb plates catfish. So from a swarm can increase the number an aquarium populated area such as building fire Dick (E. bicolor). A breeding dwarf gourami (m) or a pair of breeding scalars has a larger space than nesting whiskered catfish.
There are these fish usually 1 cm to 1 or 2 liters of water, depending on which book you hold in your hand. I think this rule is not very much. They considered the above-mentioned claims are not sufficient. At best, it is a rough guide for the ratio of total length fish tank volume. Even larger deviations from this rule may make the right choice to permanently live in an aquarium fish. I am of the view rather less is more. This is also true for the number of species should inhabit the aquarium.
number of species
One should take care in selecting that which fish should be not only different regions in the aquarium prefer, but that they also fit into their size to each other. Thus, some aquarists have reported that prolonged absence without the fish were supplied with food in between had, for example, scalars the swarm of red neon, with whom they lived together peacefully otherwise, showing as food. But also can suppress dominant fish revierbeanspruchende vermeindlich smaller competitors completely. The fish are then changed account and intimidation behind some cover. Render them more susceptible to disease. Finally
should match the behavior of individual species to each other. There is a quiet peaceful fish that too upset about a teeming crowds swarm Sumatra barbs. Staying with the example of Sumatra barbs, they are known, they go after that long-finned fish. So you can see in their society male guppy, the only nor stump of a tail include the colorful splendor of the long tail fin fell victim to the barbs, like it can go even scalars whose magnificent sail fins are clipped or lose their long string of fish, the Tastfäden. I have seen even apple snails without their soft "horns". One selection should
shall take that any remains still enough room to unfold accordingly.
who heed these rules will be rewarded with healthy fish and their nature and the diversity can observe their behavior and can at best be expected even with young talent.
other hand you can make the observation that many problems and diseases occur in aquariums with a high density of both individuals and of species.
Wear Shorts Mandatory
A not quite taken seriously considering a development.
trade offers and more frequently in certain fish with the quality characteristic of good 'algae annihilator' or 'window cleaner' or 'Window cleaner' on. This "quality tag" emblazoned often directly on the sales pool as an explanation for the species This example also uses more and more about the aquaristic Internet. Not only Neuaquarianer ask first for this' feature fish "with which they first want to make in their aquarium in order. If you encounter the first screw, the latest when they will fall in large numbers to feed tablets called desperately for a Schneckenvertilger!
You can complain at this point that not even the German name of the fish and fish are used almost get a function name. On the other hand, the aquarists are told that fish do certain tasks in the aquarium. This is but in my experience not the case. Most of the fish refuse their assigned work, or run it only partially. One is thus forced
in most cases, access to further their own hands in the aquarium and to collect snails and algae and to clean the windows.
What is an algae eater ?
Many fish also love vegetable dishes, some even exclusively. These species also destroy algae, when they taste them for, as are fish as picky as we are. Often, they only like the fresh young vegetables, they disdain the old stubborn algae. Even among the shrimp are algae-eating species. These animals can be beneficial, the algae in the aquarium to keep it short. Those who will, however, hopes of such an algae-free aquarium inhabitants are frequently disappointed.
behaves similar to the disc cleaners. Many nursery
eaters graze biofilms. You see them often look at the plants and decorations on the windows for food. For the complete look through but you have to make myself mostly.
And then there are the Schneckenvertilger .
Also be careful man. Some puffers need to actually screw their chewing tools to keep fit. If they get a long hard-shelled food, so grow your own four teeth / jaw (Tetra odon, large = four teeth) or they are not worn out and block them one day even the mouth.
Before thus collected fish for certain tasks in the aquarium, you should consider carefully whether you want to really care whether they match the rest of the crew and whether one is prepared to neglect of official duty of these tasks to take over himself.
Do We Give The Dog A Bath After The Pregnancy
General
were used to feed the aquarium animals in live food only, which was captured from ponds, lakes and ponds, and additionally there was some vegetables. That was difficult, but a natural and balanced diet of aquarium fish was guaranteed. When the aquarium but is increasingly being adopted in our living room, it was important to have a diet that was without much effort at all times. In the 50 years the first flakes came in the familiar yellow-brown box on the market. Meanwhile, the Aquaristikindustrie a large number of different foods on the Market brought, and there are always adding new preparations.
The diet of our fish should be balanced and give the fish all the important and essential nutrients. An unbalanced diet can lead to malnutrition.
who start this hobby to the diet has a few important questions: What
? When? How often? What do I do on vacation?
What? Here you
has a choice between dry food, frozen food and live food
When?
Most fish are diurnal, so here we can offer at a feeding during the day. For example, should
nocturnal catfish to the food rather close to the end of the lit-rich phase.
How often?
usually ranges from one feeding per day. However, it may be useful more often to feed on juvenile fish, for example, or rarely, in some ways. Thereafter, the portions should be adjusted.
What I do on vacation?
not hurt the fish a few days without food. Even in their natural habitat there are periods in which the table is laid and times in which the 'fridge is empty.
two weeks, sometimes even longer coming, but well-fed fish easily without any food. Often they find in the aquarium also one or two bites.
larvae and juvenile fish are certainly there slightly more sensitive.
But there are feeders to take over the feeding during an absence. Maybe you can take on the nice neighbor or the friendly neighbor that task. However, it is reasonable to give them detailed instructions, or make portions of the food before.
Broken Capillaries Under Lips
origin and ingredients
peat formed from dead plant parts that are only partially rot in the swamp. Peat contains humic acids or humic substances.
- pH lowering by reducing the humic acids
- GH and KH with his, a cation exchanger similar Eigenschaften.Ein Liter of peat added depending on the quality, the capacity of approximately 250 - 300 liters of hardness. Peat is therefore worthwhile only Gringe degrees of hardness, from a KH is less than 6 - 7 ° dKH its action effective.
- There are also reports of a reduction in bacterial counts by peat filters (Geisler). This causes very clear water!
- Peat colors the water to turn brown. This is not to everyone's taste, though, the fish quite like a little dim!
peat filters
A chamber of the filter we are equipped with peat. The peat is well here and can flow through its substances to the water.
The disadvantage is that the Torfwechsel each time the filter needs to be opened.
Torfsäckchen
Another method is to peat in a bag or sock (nylon stocking) to hang in the aquarium. Even with this I have achieved good results. The peat is replaced when its capacity is reached. Disadvantage: the values of pH and KH / GH vary in this type of application.
Torfkanone
The water is passed through a container filled with peat. The water is treated outside the aquarium. The handling of peat in the tank or the filter is eliminated. The Environment KH / GH and pH do not vary in the application within the basin or filter.
instructions and information to build such a Torfkanone can be found on this page and on the side of Remo Wiechert (see link below on this page).
peat
Ballentorf
suited is Ballentorf from bogs. But you should make sure that the turf is not fertilized by nitrates, phosphates and other unwanted substances to get into the aquarium.
Peat
This is edited and compressed peat. This is very productive.
peat extracts
These products color the water sharply. Their pH-lowering effect is very limited.
- The effect of peat depends on its quality and can fluctuate. Control of pH and / or KH is to be discouraged.
- destroyed the degradation of peat also grown in many thousands of high moorland
records and literature
- Dr. Rolf Geisler, water customer for the aquaristic practice
- construction of a Minitorfkanone
- Torfkanone, Remo Wiechert
Do Men Wear Womens Girdles
AKFS
working group cold-water fish and fish of the subtropics in the VDA
PERCH
South American cichlids and catfish Harnisch
The Guppy Germany eV
The page for lovers, breeders and friends of the Guppy
Hattingen, Red Rio
Aquarium Association red fish from Rio, club information, dates, etc.
IGL
International Association for labyrinth fish
Cologne aquarium and terrarium friends
Many reports and informative articles, plants and food , highly recommended
Magdeburg, Vallisneria
Aquarium Association Magdeburg, information about the club
The Angelfish Society
International company which deals with scalars, the breed, the standards of the cultivated forms, etc..
VDA German Association of Clubs for aquariums and terrariums eV customer list of member clubs, professional groups, forums, etc.
Wuppertal, GATW
Society for aquariums and terrariums customer Wuppertal, club info,
Cost Of Salomon 700 Model Ski Bindings
aquarium normal
Many good practical tips of a very experienced aquarist
All about live food
live food, pools, fishing and animal fodder breeding are described in detail and easily understandable
Aquamax
The pages of aquarium, garden pond and around the water, issue, algae and fish diseases, and other subjects are photography, microscopy and travel
Aquarieneinrichtung.net
Great site with facility examples FS r Aquariums
aquarium without secrets
Many detailed information on almost all areas of the aquarium, filter technology, equipment, water parameters, calculation tools, guest reviews etc
relationship box (aquarium) fish and their environment
detailed background information on ecology, chemistry, physiology, toxicology to aquariums and their inhabitants. Good information, not just basic knowledge
Caridina sp. Crystal Red
freshwater shrimp, Crystal Red, information,
Curt's Homepage Echinodorus
plants Echinodoren, the German side to this popular aquarium plants, culture, taxonomy
The portal for Guppy
information to interested parties around the Guppy
The water world
Guppies, hardy plants, freshwater snails, aquarium history of
Furnishing
users make their online pool in front. Large community with forum, blogs, Beck competition, etc.
Epalzeorhynchos
This is all to the genus Epalzeorhynchos. Characteristics, behavior, care, etc.
fish soup
A different side with aquarium beginner examples: succeeded interesting, exciting and good and very informative blog section
fascination Viviparous
Lebendgebä rende, fish for beginners or experts?
fascination angelfish
Find out about the keeping, care and breeding of angelfish, pictures, forum and much more
Fisheye Guido Bochow
collection of useful posts around the around the aquarium. Here you can find building instructions for authors of private aquarium backgrounds, filters, aquarium lighting, fodder animal breeding, Wasseraufbeitung and more.
Home of Catfish Corydoradinae
Ian Fuller's side have armored catfish, unfortunately there are some details are only available to paying members
Malawi cichlids online
families aquarium hobby, especially our breeding of Lake Malawi cichlids, South American cichlids Wildguppies and invertebrates.
seawater Encyclopedia
good overview of the marine hobby
mini fish for the freshwater aquarium
Informative and very extensive website with lots of mini fish species descriptions by Gerald Gantschnigg .
Central America in the aquarium
Dennis Furmanek the cichlids of Central America and the live-bearing tooth carp has chosen as its focus. Information about water levels and to supplement this Ichthyology very informative site.
Pangio.de - The site for Dorn's eye
Everything about Dorn's eye
Pleco.de
Loricariidae (L-and LDA-numbers) and the Corydoradinae
Renate pages .. the Aquaristikseite
fish to a lot of useful information, among other things, plants, diseases, medications and their summaries, the killing of fish, etc.
Miehle Robert's Projects Page
aquarium, lighting, lamps, myths , bsonders the subject of light bulbs and is here in great detail and extensively covered
South American habitats
South American habitats - water values of natural habitats
Scalare online
many issues, detailed articles, with club part, descriptions of individual fish species Hälterungsempfehlungen, fascinating facts,
Schwämchens aquarium
from Luxembourg is the home of fish, shrimp, snails ...
Sonnenbarsche.info
homepage on sunfish.
Tobias Moser Aquaristikseiten
information on Ichthyophthirius, Hole disease, and more
Toni's page for aquarists
Chemistry and Aquarium DIY, tips and tricks, lots of fresh and salt water, etc. - just as much utility ... over 150 pages ..
Our cattery
hobby breeding Malawiseecichliden.Wir would like to give our hobby a little closer put
Ute's aquarium page
loaches, Loricariidae, Corydoras, livebearers, breeding and feeding more
Catfish Home Page
catfish, very comprehensive site with lots of catfish species descriptions, feeding, breeding, disease, etc.
Everything To Know About Polaroid
The Fish Board
a forum where I found it in the future more often, expert advice, good manners,
aquarium in detail
very good forum, expert advice, high demand,
Live aquarium, the aquarium portal
aquarium forum and portal with tips,
habitat - Forum.at
For some years there is this very informative forum Austrian
Cichliden.net
platform of East African cichlids
Cichlidenwelt Forum
Expert Forum cichlids
Corydorasforum
journal for armored catfish
Einrichtungsbeispiele.de
facility Examples of private aquarists, many photographic examples plus Forum
Forum Scalare Online
very good forum, maintained and competently
Korallenriff.de
platform for information on saltwater aquariums
Miniriff Net
platform for discussion on Nanoriff aquaristics
nano aquarium
forum for Nano-aquarium for freshwater
meeting place for fish lovers ZiFFo
great Austrian Fishkeeping Forum www.Aquaristik
and Schneckenforum.de
Here you can / You valuable information above sea level -
invertebrate Board (Lay Sea Water Forum)
- The new Meerwasseraquaristikforum About exquisite aquariums and aquarium snails - or ask a member and get well!
ornamental fish using
ornamental fish help, the meeting place for Aquaristikfreunde
Do South Park Dvds Come With Spanish Subtitles
Duisburg, Hobby Zoo Duisburg
nice little shop with expert advice
seawater Corner Weissgerber
shop for sea water
seawater Online Shop
seawater Online Shop
online store Jadeaquaristik
A shop for marine
Online Shop Sea Control
wide choice and good prices
Online-Shop U.S. Aquaristikshop
fish food, plants, fertilizer, filter technology, CO2 technology, solenoid valves
Velbert, Zoo in the Forum
Zoo at Forum 42549 Velbert, small shop with very good advice
Saturday, December 29, 2007
Bright Green Shirt Suit
my-fish
Economic Community Pet Trade & Industry
The site is just emerging and can already lots of useful information glimpse
Amtra
care products, medicines, food, supplies, etc.
aquarium fomenting
aquarium and terrarium construction incitement, aquarium combinations, covers, cabinets etc.
Aquarium Münster
medicines, toiletries, fish food and equipment for freshwater, saltwater and pond
DATZ
German aquariums and terrariums magazine DATZ
Dennerle
plants, CO2 plants, feed, fertilizer, maintenance,
DRAK aquarium
water plant fertilizer, water treatment and specialists from Aufhärtesalze
Eheim filters, and more, heaters, aquariums
Fermendo
Fermendo fertilizer systems for aquariums
Hagen aquarium pets
aquariums, filters, food, accessories and more
JBL - ONLINE
feed. Care products, technology, accessories
Juwel
A quarienbau, complete sets, filters, filter media, lighting
Knop marine aquarium
producer and writer of and about Merwasser aquariums
MS Publisher, Amazon
Amazon, Journal for fresh water aquariums
sera
feed. Care products, accessories
Söll
organic food, care products, fertilizer, seaweed resources, bacterial products, etc for aquariums and ponds
Tetra
feed. Care products, technology, accessories
Tropica aquatic plants
water plants and care products, plant database, information about care
can be increased with Kaisernatron , is sodium bicarbonate:
Sunday, December 23, 2007
Cervix Day Before Af Soft
Mod Ernes Poduktions and Lagergeb äude
prefabrication and M , is the
draft Prince ip d e s Pro production and
Lagerg UILDING s ussenabmessungen with A of
48 m length 24 m Br PAGE u n based d 7 m e.
A building de in de m od pr u sheet, stored and
v wi anages rd, all un t He one roof m and m it
generously opened hrtswe en feeding a gene.
The building is t in St ahlskelett or wood frame construction conc ipiert AGES at the front and can be extended en.
egg nheitlic he Dim changes in the grid of 1.20 m,
allow for economical production with high
m prefabrication rtig ungsgrad and flexible use Hungarian
current - and w leave r s paren d e Technology provide
n iedrige Betriebsko most.
The energy energy con zep t see the use of Solarenerg ie and with a simple passive
exhaust system heat pump from.
In connection with a triple heat-insulated glass windows and highly insulated Exterior wall is reached the KFW 40 or passive house S tanda rd .
The head of the Ge of trees is a three-story office area, which is the production and warehouse sound and wärmetech separated mechanically. n
All i ns tallatio s rich utility changes such as toilets and Waschrä rooms, small kitchen are in a core zone for G ebäudeinnenseite summarized . In
Untergescho ss are the buildings for employees and building equipment.
The structure consists of a single axis expandable steel skeleton that rn the 24 m wide hall with steel truss sup spans zenfrei
. The
Gebäudeaussteifung made by longitudinal and lateral associations, as well as the floors. As
timber form outer wall elements in wood frame construction and laminated timber ceilings, which act as stiffening plates, Laminated wooden beams and the structure.
ventilated untreated external wall cladding made of Douglas fir or corrugated sheets in the horizontal direction Shift let the inner surfaces.
This creates a monolithic African Ba ukörper, arranged in the rows of windows along the entire length, which supply the interior with optimal natürlic hem light.
The sides are fully glazed, inside and outside space go here accessible to each other, in the rear part of polycarbonate sheets are used.
Keywords: architect, architectural firm, Lake Constance, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Bavaria, Germany
, Upper Swabia, industrial buildings, commercial buildings, administration buildings, office buildings, office buildings, housing, housing, Engineering, lightweight, steel structures, membrane structure, membrane, hall, passive house, energy efficient house, architect-designed house, wooden house, wood construction, solid house, build ecological, environmental, construction,
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Überlingen, Lake Constance, Friedrichshafen, Ravensburg, Radolfzell, Singen, Biberach, Ulm,
Sigmaringen, Pfullendorf, Tuttlingen, Messkirch, Stockach, Balingen, Albstadt-Ebing,
Villingen-Schwenningen, Donaueschingen, Freiburg, Rottweil, Mark village, vineyard,
Bad Saulgau, Lindau, Wangen, Bregenz, quantities, Reutlingen, Tübingen, Tettnang,
Bad Waldsee, Riedlingen Ehingen, Stuttgart, county, south-west
Wednesday, December 19, 2007
Free Cook County Sublease Agreement
Mod Ernes Poduktions and Lagergeb äude
length 24 m width un d 7 m e based.
A building en in the pr od uziert, stored and managed wi rd, all un t he one roof and m it generously en Feeder a hrtswe developed gene. ipiert
The building is t in steel frame or wood frame construction conc and plugs into the ends extended'll en.
Einheitlic height dimensions in the grid of 1.20 m, allow for economical production with high degree of prefabrication and flexible use.
electricity and w leave r s paren d e technology ensure low operating costs. The energy concept
concept provides for the use of solar energy and a simple passive ventilation system with heat pump.
In connection with a triple heat-insulated glass windows and highly insulated exterior facade, the KFW
40 or passive ha us S tanda rd achieved.
The head of the Ge of trees is a three-story office area, which is the production and warehouse sound and wärmetech separated mechanically.
All i ns tal l ation s rich utility changes such as toilets and Waschrä rooms, small kitchen are in a core zone to the G ebäudeinnenseite summarized . In
Untergescho ss are the buildings for employees and building equipment.
The structure consists of a single axis expandable steel skeleton that rn the 24 m wide hall with steel truss sup spans zenfrei. The
Gebäudeaussteifung made by longitudinal and lateral associations, as well as the floors. As
timber form outer wall elements in wood frame construction and laminated timber ceilings, which act as stiffening plates, Laminated wooden beams and the structure.
ventilated untreated external wall cladding or corrugated sheets Douglas Shift in horizontal direction left the inner surfaces.
This creates a monolithic African Ba ukörper, arranged in the rows of windows along the entire length, which supply the interior with optimal natürlic hem light.
The sides are fully glazed, inside and outside space go here accessible to each other, in the rear part of polycarbonate sheets are used.
Keywords: architect, architectural firm, Lake Constance, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Bavaria, Germany
, Upper Swabia, industrial buildings, commercial buildings, administration buildings, office buildings, Administration Building, Housing, housing, civil engineering, lightweight, steel structures, membrane structure, membrane, hall, passive house, energy efficient house, architect-designed house, wooden house, wood construction, solid house, build ecological, environmental, construction,
solar building, maintenance buildings, innovative, modern architecture, office building, administration building , an administrative center, office building, commercial building, single family, duplex, townhouse, commercial property, new construction, renovation, construction,
warehouses, distribution center, logistics centers, car dealerships, car rental, sports halls, industrial buildings, industrial buildings, commercial hall, workshop, workshops, factories, industrial building, industrial, assembly hall, build
energy saving, solar architecture, solar architecture, competition, office, administration, architect finder, design, develop preliminary design, planning, design, construct, permit applications, engineering, detailed design, tender, tendering, contracting, Objektbetreung, construction supervision , construction management, construction management, authorization, HSC, Sige-ordination, energy planning, energy planning, general planning, leisure facilities, eco-hotel, hotel, rehabilitation, reconstruction, alterations, rehabilitate extension, accessible, wheelchair access, budget cost-effective, cost efficient, cheap, cheap, low,
Überlingen, Lake Constance, Friedrichshafen, Ravensburg, Radolfzell, Singen, Biberach, Ulm,
Sigmaringen, Pfullendorf, Tuttlingen, Messkirch, Stockach, Balingen, Albstadt-Ebing,
Villingen-Schwenningen, Donaueschingen, Freiburg, Rottweil, Mark village, vineyard,
Bad Saulgau, Lindau, cheeks, Bregenz, quantities, Reutlingen, Tübingen, Tettnang,
Bad Waldsee, Riedlingen Ehingen, Stuttgart, county, south-west
Clear Fluid Coming From Rash
Mod Ernes Poduktions and Lagergeb äude
length 24 m width un d 7 m e.
A building en in the pr od uziert, stored and managed wi rd, all un t he one roof and m it generously en Feeder a hrtswe developed gene.
The building is t in steel frame or wood frame construction conc ipiert and can be extended to the front is en.
Einheitlic height dimensions in the grid of 1.20 m, allow for economical production with high degree of prefabrication and flexible use.
electricity and w leave r s paren d e technology ensure low operating costs. The energy concept
concept provides for the use of solar energy and a simple passive ventilation system with heat pump.
In connection with a triple heat-insulated glass windows and highly insulated exterior, the KFW
40 or passive house S tanda rd achieved.
The head of the Ge of trees is a three-story office area, which is the production and warehouse sound and wärmetech separated mechanically. n
All i ns tallatio s rich utility changes such as toilets and Waschrä rooms, small kitchen are available in a core zone G ebäudeinnenseite summarized . In
Untergescho ss are the buildings for employees and building equipment.
The structure consists of a single axis expandable steel skeleton that rn the 24 m wide hall with steel truss sup spans zenfrei
. The
Gebäudeaussteifung made by longitudinal and lateral associations, as well as the floors. As
timber form outer wall elements in wood frame construction and laminated timber ceilings, which act as stiffening plates, Laminated wooden beams and the structure.
ventilated untreated external wall cladding or corrugated sheets Douglas Shift in horizontal direction left the inner surfaces.
This creates a monolithic African Ba ukörper, arranged in the rows of windows along the entire length, which supply the interior with optimal natürlic hem light.
The sides are fully glazed, inside and outside space go here accessible to each other, in the rear part of polycarbonate sheets are used.
Keywords: architect, architectural firm, Lake Constance, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Bavaria, Germany
, Upper Swabia, industrial buildings, commercial buildings, administration buildings, office buildings, Administration Building, Housing, housing, civil engineering, lightweight, steel structures, membrane structure, membrane, hall, passive house, energy efficient house, architect-designed house, wooden house, wood construction, solid house, build ecological, environmental, construction,
solar building, maintenance buildings, innovative, modern architecture, office building, administration building , an administrative center, office building, commercial building, single family, duplex, townhouse, commercial property, new construction, renovation, construction,
warehouses, distribution center, logistics centers, car dealerships, car rental, sports halls, industrial buildings, industrial buildings, commercial hall, workshop, workshops, factories, industrial building, industrial, assembly hall, build
energy saving, solar architecture, solar architecture, competition, office, administration, architect finder, design, develop preliminary design, planning, design, construct, permit applications, engineering, detailed design, tender, tendering, contracting, Objektbetreung, construction supervision , construction management, construction management, authorization, HSC, Sige-ordination, energy planning, energy planning, general planning, leisure facilities, eco-hotel, hotel, rehabilitation, reconstruction, alterations, rehabilitate extension, accessible, wheelchair access, budget cost-effective, cost efficient, cheap, cheap, low,
Überlingen, Lake Constance, Friedrichshafen, Ravensburg, Radolfzell, Singen, Biberach, Ulm,
Sigmaringen, Pfullendorf, Tuttlingen, Messkirch, Stockach, Balingen, Albstadt-Ebing,
Villingen-Schwenningen, Donaueschingen, Freiburg, Rottweil, Mark village, vineyard,
Bad Saulgau, Lindau, cheeks, Bregenz, quantities, Reutlingen, Tübingen, Tettnang,
Bad Waldsee, Riedlingen Ehingen, Stuttgart, county, south-west
Saturday, December 15, 2007
Soft Cervix Period Due
aufzuhärten can order the water to fall back on simple and inexpensive means and does not rely on products from retailers. It is found in every supermarket. A similar product is also suitable Bullrich salt. can increase
To Gersamthärte GH to use gypsum, which is calcium sulfate.
increase by about 3 grams, the hardness of 100 l of water by 1 degree of hardness
Wednesday, December 12, 2007
Best Forex Broker Australia
In the aquarium you read Internet forums often that the right water levels is an important prerequisite for the position of our fish are. The necessary water tests are actually imposed as a required each responsible aquarists. Discussed are a handful of different tests for pH, nitrite, nitrate and hardness, all the test kits or electronic meters for pH, conductivity, etc., are already recommended to the beginner, even if standard ornamental fish, which every hardware store or any store always in stock has care of, like.
are also denigrated the test strips to be unusable because they were too vague. The drop tests should provide an exact quantitative determination and to a fine Gradation have.
Again and again in the sequence then known as concrete values, whether in the discussions, reference is made in which water levels are referred to species databases. These are usually the pH and the hardness.
How important are the individual values for the ecosystem aquarium and its inhabitants? Apart
of toxic substances such as nitrite and heavy metals such as copper have different substances impact on the physiology of the fish or plants or the other fauna and flora such as bacteria and algae.
The pH value
The direct effect strong acidic or alkaline water on the fish affects the external corrosion the gills and skin. This is probably only at very extreme values below 4.0 or above 9, x is given. The pH of body fluids, blood, and intracellular as extracellular fluids, regulates the fishing of gills, kidney and other organs. The blood pH is regulated in the same in all vertebrates and is expected to sum thus around 7.5.
the plants I have had the experience that they are better in slightly acidic water.
bacteria, if they do not float free in the water settle in biofilms. The pH in these films is determined by the metabolism and excretion of micro-organisms and can vary within the biofilms and pH in the open water value.
Osmotic pressure
osmosis is the balance of concentrations of substances in aqueous solutions, which are separated by a semipermeable membrane. The higher the concentration difference, the stronger the osmotic pressure.
If we take the conductivity as a measure of the ion content of solutions and their difference as a measure of the osmotic pressure, so does that mean for the body of the fish following. The conductivity of blood is about 15 000 cm at uS /, to the aquarium water at about 500-1000 uS / cm. The fish takes to water that is constantly in order to reach a balance. The excretory organs such as the kidney, strive to keep the valuable materials back. Fish have an active system, so the difference in concentration to maintain. The inclusion of important substances occurs through diet and the other via the gills. Here they have include cells containing certain substances may have known the Ionozyten, that different salts are added.
The carbonate
The carbonate, acronym KH, or more precisely, the acid binding capacity (SBC), a measure of the buffering and stability of the pH value is in the water. Roughly speaking, the higher the alkalinity, the higher and more stable is also the pH value. It forms together with the amount of carbon dioxide, the main buffer system in the aquarium water.
Total hardness
GH symbol denotes the percentage of calcium and magnesium ions in water. The higher the value, the harder our water.
Most of our fish come from waters with soft water.
Toxic Stick Zoff compounds
ammonia and nitrite are intermediates in the degradation of nitrogen-containing substances. They are toxic to the fish. In a retracted aquarium with a functioning micro-fauna, they are virtually no more.
nitrate, the end product of nitrogen removal (nitrification), and phosphate can accumulate and accumulate in the aquarium. You are in the usual concentrations not toxic to the fish. Their effect on plants and algae is discussed. You are at high levels promote the growth of algae and inhibit the plants.
Conclusion
In the early stages it may be important to the water values to know, as a guideline range but also the details of the water utility and the course of ammonia and nitrite to pursue, as a decision aid for restocking time of the aquarium.
The longer it runs, but this hobby, the less frequently you will take up water tests. Experienced aquarists use this data only occasionally, generally only when their Particularly water recycle.
who prepared his water, be it with peat, reverse osmosis, ion exchange resins or with mineral acids, is well advised to review certain water levels.
The knowledge and control of water levels also helps in understanding the biological and chemical processes in the aquarium.
a successful aquarium is possible without water testing and periodic inspection.
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arises as duff?
dead plants, uneaten food, excrement and the like to accumulate on the ground and is colonized by bacteria and micro-organisms and decomposed. It is, if you will, a precursor of the sediment, the first step towards the formation of sludge.
What causes sludge?
found in these Mulmflocken take an important part of the mineralization, so the elimination of all forms of waste in the aquarium, as in the biofilms. Sludge is more important carriers of the disposal and if you like detoxification in the aquarium. The sludge stabilized with the substances and the pH value in the aquarium and impressed with him in essential parts.
What becomes of the duff?
Man this Mulmflocken also found in the filter. Here is on the ground is often a thick layer. Since the lower areas are still sparsely populated or not with bacteria and microorganisms, it is called by the filter mud.
other hand, duff is populated by saprophytic germination, who find optimal conditions. Gründelnde particularly fish such as catfish and loaches come into contact with these bacteria and can become infected. When the armored catfish known Barteleinschmelzungen are a result of these infections. Remove this sludge layer can defuse this situation.
It is also useful part of the sludge in the filter and left in the aquarium, for he met, as we have seen, an important function and stabilizes the pH value.
Pulmonary Hypertensionalcohol
aquarists often describe the illnesses of their fish by describing the appearance or the striking changes and as you meet Ascites frequently to the concepts, protruding eyes and fin. They are however not a disease but symptoms, so striking phenomena that go hand in hand with a disease. In most cases, these three symptoms are caused by bacterial infections. They often go hand in hand with clamped fins. There are other causes in question, which I would like to focus not.
The causes of bacterial infections in the vast majority of cases poor or incorrect posture conditions. The associated stress weakens the immune system of fish and normally harmless bacteria can then weakened Fish can become ill.
preventive measure should therefore ensure good environmental conditions for its fish, which are a harmonious and not too great stocking in the number of individuals and species, appropriate planting and decorate the tank with hiding places and retreats, a varied and balanced diet and a adequate water hygiene. At the onset of symptoms can be achieved also by a few powerful water changes already an improvement of symptoms and prevent a full outbreak of the disease. In support, and prevention can be almond leaves in the aquarium.
Drug treatment with nitrofuranhaltigen recommended preparations from the store or better with antibiotics from the vet.
In severe symptoms but is often too late to help.
Friday, December 7, 2007
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General:
The importance of water levels is often overestimated by beginners. For the care of a large part of our aquarium fish our tap water is suitable enough. It maintains some nerds, you want to breed certain fish or change its water treatment and then acquired the knowledge of the water parameters, their size and chemical relationships, a certain Wichtigkeit.Im following are the most important Water-treated values.
the pH value:
The pH is a measure of whether an aqueous solution has acidic or basic. The value 7.0 indicates a neutral solution, the value is higher than 7, so the solution is alkaline or basic, the value is less than 7, so the solution is acidic.
The letters pH stand for pondus or potentia hydrogenating (pondus = weight; potentia = force; hydrogenating = hydrogen)
Defines the pH as the negative logarithm of the activity of hydronium ions pH = - lg (CH 3 O +)
total hardness (GH ):
The total rate is the sum of the alkaline earth metal ions, These are beryllium (Be + +), calcium (Ca + +), magnesium (Mg + +), strontium (Sr + +), barium (Ba + +) and radium (Ra + +). What is measured by our test are essentially calcium and magnesium, which other substances are only in negligible concentrations. The statement is abbreviated in German degrees of hardness ° GCH.
The GH is a measure of the hardness of the water.
to in the hobby is still known measure "degree of total German hardness (° GCH) is a traditional unit for the hardness of the water. In the analysis of water utilities, the total hardness usually pro in millimoles per liter (mmol / l) or mole cubic meters (Mol / m 3 ) reported, the conversion factor is 0.179 mmol / l equivalent to 1 ° GCH.
are available for the aquarium there are simple tests based on a color change reaction.
is to a defined amount of test water with added dropwise an indicator. The number of drops is then the hardness in ° GCH.
carbonate:
KH is the part of GH, which is lost in cooking. The carbonates covered thereby as insoluble calcium. Carbonates are the salts of carbonic acid. Here, then, magnesium and calcium carbonate. We call this proportion and temporary hardness.
is why GH = KH (temporary hardness) + permanent hardness. The KH usually also expressed in degrees of hardness ° dKH.
alkalinity SBV:
In the aquarium we measure but not the actual KH but the alkalinity of SBV. All carbonates, not just magnesium and calcium but also sodium and other such form, in water with CO 2 or carbonic acid, a buffer system stabilizes the pH. This measure of the acid binding capacity we gather with our aquarium KH tests.
The unit of acid binding capacity is also in mmol / l or expressed mol/m3. 1 mmol / l alkalinity (to pH 4.3) correspond to 2.8 degrees carbonate. 21.8 mg / l bicarbonate are 1 degree KH.
In the aquarium, we continue to use the old name ° KH.
The test works as the test for GH, drop by drop, we give an indicator to a defined amount of test water. Again, the number of drops, the hardness results in ° dKH.
Man, the accuracy of the tests increase GH and KH, in which one test as a multiple of the amount of water, takes a drop of indicator solution is then the corresponding part of a degree KH.
example: 2x Test set: 1 drop = (½) of 0.5 ° KH / GH or 4 times
Test set: 1 drop = (¼) 0.25 ° KH / GH.
Because we just do not measure the classical KH, but the whole of carbonates, the measured KH also be larger than the GH.
to be precise in measuring the alkalinity (titration with hydrochloric acid to cause an indicator of a color change at pH 4.3), not only the carbonates detected, but at pH buffering substances.
carbon dioxide CO 2
The carbonates and the CO 2 influence the pH value. This relationship can be seen from the known tables. These tables and calculation tools specify the exact content of CO 2 with known pH and KH values, if no other pH are influencing matter in water. Unfortunately, our aquarium test methods for determining of pH and KH for these calculations are too inaccurate and inappropriate these tables for the aquarium.
recent endurance test for CO 2 show up depending on the pH and KH by color change, the relative CO 2 amount sufficient ',' too little 'or' too much 'CO 2 in the water. For pH and KH can then determine the CO 2 value.
sufficiently accurate for purposes aquaristic CO2 values are also obtained by CO 2 spot test with the help of the total CO 2 content and the blank (difference method).
carbon dioxide is an important growth regulator for plants. In very can be planted densely and well-lit aquarium, it make sense to feed CO 2 . A concentration of 10 - 15 mg / l is considered adequate.
CO 2 is often recommended to lower pH value. This is only a very limited extent, because values above 20 mg / l for sensitive fish already may lead to problems.
The list can be supplemented by additional parameters. So my request, and should at least who requests or has questions about certain values that are included here, or he may want answered, so please email me to express formulated set, or as a comment here.
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General:
for the aquarium and its fish, the quality of its water is of some importance. Fish especially need to grow some plants ingredients for a good one. A first overview of the analysis may be the tap water. Each utility of our tap water is obliged to publish its drinking water analysis. Often we find this analysis already published on the Internet, if this is not the case, then we can review each request from our suppliers or.
This list provides a more or less large number of analytical data and a list of different ingredients. Which of these details are important now for us aquarists and what do they mean?
pH value: looking
The first indication that the aquarium hobby is most often the pH value. Now, however, you should know that the pH value is always new to the constituents of the water. Since water utilities are kept their water lines to be treated carefully and maintain, they are all aggressive efforts to remove waste from the water. This also affects the deposition of acids and lime. Therefore, the tap water usually in the lime-carbonic acid equilibrium is also known as calcite. Such water often has a pH around 8.0, but it can between 7.2 and be approximately 8.0. In the aquarium
loses this state, for various reasons, and the pH value can change, he usually drops something.
The pH of the tap water is the pH in the aquarium, therefore, relatively uninteresting.
total hardness:
Again, this statement is always found in the published research to the forefront. Often, a hardness range is specified, this is consistent with the instructions for dosing of detergents on the packaging. This hardness range is only a rough guide for the GH. We are looking for a more accurate indication and find them either under the name of total hardness or the term of the sum of alkaline earths.
Today It is customary, the data in mmol / l to make or mol / m³. In the aquarium we use (unfortunately) still the degree of German unity (total) hardness or ° GCH. You can mmol / l or mol / m ° GCH Convert by multiplying this value by 5.6.
carbonate:
In the classic sense of the carbonate part of the GH, which is bonded to hydrogen carbonate. Today we understand the KH but the alkalinity of the water is determined essentially by all hydrogen carbonate. The unit is also in use today mmol / l or mol / m³ in the aquarium is still the old specification in German degrees (carbonate) hardness or used in ° dKH. In the analysis we
find this information under the term alkalinity to pH 4.3.
The conversion factor of mmo / l or mol / m is in ° dKH here 2.8.
conductivity: Pure Water conducts electricity only in very small amounts. However, the higher the proportion of dissolved salts (ions) in the water, the better the current is passed. Roughly, the electrical conductivity that is a measure of the salinity or salt content of the water and its ionic content.
The unit is Siemens per meter (S / m) in the aquarium, we use the scale micro Siemens per centimeter (uS / cm).
the conductivity should not equate the water hardness, since hardness is expressed only by the content of alkaline earth ions, the conductivity is less a measure of the sum of all ions.
nitrate:
In the aquarium is the end product is nitrate nitrification and is an indicator, pollution 'of the water. However, the drinking water can already bring a certain amount of nitrate, this limit is 50 mg / l. This value is also mentioned in the analysis and shows us that is always on the 'bias' of the water.
The other values in the drinking water analysis are, in my opinion, their importance for aquariums practice not so important.
further information:
water levels in the aquarium
The list can be supplemented by additional parameters. So my request, and should at least who requests or has questions about certain values that are included here, or he may want answered, so please email me to express formulated set, or as a comment here.
Wednesday, December 5, 2007
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In the aquarium internet forums very often the correct water levels and the welfare of ornamental fish are discussed. What we mean by 'animal welfare' and what are the proper water parameters. The following Article attempts to approach this problem and to offer interested aquarists help.
The element of water
the fish originate in our aquariums from various regions of the world, from the rain forests of South America and Asia, from the mountainous regions of the Andes and China, from the grave lakes of East Africa, the rice fields of India and also from areas which only cause temporary water. Just as these regions also differ in their living conditions, all have the element in which they live, the water. They have adapted to this element, they live in almost pure deionized water and acid just as in the ion-rich salty seas. Some species such as the Eel even switch between these two extremes and adhere to talk and sometimes on there.
importance of water values
Especially in the internet forums is attached to each water temper my opinion, far too much importance. pH or water hardness certainly have an impact on the fish and its physiological processes. The fish tolerate large margins particularly as regards the pH value with no problems. Major changes to the pH value, even more, the hardness of water and ingredients require a slow adaptation of the organism. For this reason, fish at the onset or reacting slowly to get used to the new water.
are sensitive as it might Eggs and larvae. On the other hand, have the larvae and juvenile fish, no strong immune system, making them more susceptible to germs.
Clean Water
seem of greater importance to me to be other factors, there are even clean water. We measure only 5 to 6 different water values with our hobby tests, one or the other maybe a few more values in the water but are much more substances dissolved, above all, we bring through feed, fertilizers and other other substances, including especially in quantity.
stocking and social aspects
addition, the socialization in our aquariums. The stocking density is much higher as in nature, which alone makes possible infection and transmission of pathogens much more frequently.
The social acceptability within species but also among different species is markedly affected by these constraints.
When we discuss optimal environmental conditions, then we need much more thinking about these issues. I know that this is much more difficult, a water value can be a few paragraphs describe a simple and better.
feed
important for our fish is a varied but balanced diet. Do not mix different types of dry food to the diversity, but the combination with frozen food and especially live food!
Conclusion
the Internet are often exaggerated the water values. Of course they have a meaning that shows alone the fact that breeding and raising tropical fish in soft acid water works better in many ways. A certain
Adaptationan of water conditions for many fish also possible.
The following websites may deepen the aquarist interested in this knowledge.
literature and web links
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nitrification
One of the most important biochemical processes in the aquarium is the reduction of nitrogen-containing organic substances. This is of crucial importance, because in this way generated toxic substances that pose a threat to our fish. The reduction is to microorganisms to ammonium / ammonia to nitrite and further on to the nitrate. Ammonia and nitrite are toxic substances! These degradation chain is known as nitrification. The nitrogen-containing organic substances include uneaten food, dead plants as well as the excrement of the fish.
ammonium / ammonia NH 4 / NH 3
the degradation of these substances occurs first ammonium NH 4 + or ammonia NH 3 . Which of these two substances present, is whether the harmless ammonium or the fish toxic ammonia on the pH value of water. The higher the pH value, the greater the amount of harmful ammonia.
Nitrosomonas and other bacteria
The ammonium / ammonia NH 4 / NH 3 is oxidized by bacteria to nitrite, NO 2 . We now know that not only are bacteria of the genus Nitrosomonas in a position, but a number of other bacterial species also, all these bacteria begin with the syllables Nitro Sun -. First collected thus NH 4 / NH 3 at the aquarium, this encourages the bacteria to establish themselves sufficiently to proliferate. If done drops of ammonium / ammonia levels so it is first to form an ammonium / ammonia peak.
nitrite NO 2
These bacteria are now producing from the ammonium / ammonia, the nitrite NO 2 . Also, this NO 2 is oxidized by bacteria further to NO 3 .
Nitrobacter
These bacteria include, among other species of the family of Nitrobacter and other genres. Your Name begins with nitro. These bacteria must colonize and multiply only in sufficient numbers.
nitrite peak
few days now increases the nitrite content in the tank, since the Nitrobacter do not reproduce as quickly and oxidize the nitrite to nitrate not as fast as it can be replenished. This we call the nitrite peak. The nitrite is also toxic to fish.
nitrate NO 3
The nitrate is the non-toxic end product of the degradation chain.
time
These processes are in a retracted aquarium next to each other instead and, ideally, is the only detectable nitrate or accumulates.
In a new installation an aquarium to form the individual decomposition stages and the first set. This is done sequentially. So it's first to an increase of ammonium / ammonia and a subsequent drop, then rise at 2 the NO . After some time the bacteria have formed and the value falls again. As the episode begins, the NO 2 content around for some time to fall in too. After that then collects the nitrate NO 3 in the aquarium.
ammonium / ammonia
uneaten food, dead plants, fish waste and other organic compounds are broken down in the aquarium and form an ammonium NH4 + to the fish themselves but also excrete ammonium. This ammonium itself is not toxic but is transformed at pH values above 7.0 part NH 3 in the fish very toxic ammonia. The content thus increases during the running of an aquarium at first and then to fall again, this takes about 8 days after its peak (peak). This ammonia is a significant threat to our fish stocking or at too early an impaired nitrification dar. The higher the pH the more toxic ammonia is available. Therefore, these two values for anomalies or after major changes to the filter or the aquarium to be examined. The proportion of toxic ammonia can be read from tables. These are available on the Internet. Ammonia is from values of 0.03 mg / l as critical from 0.2 as acutely dangerous.
The oxidation of NH 4 / NH 3 to NO 2 formed nitrous acid. This acid also attacks the carbonates of the KH and destroys them. It is therefore a decrease in KH. This process is reversible, the result in denitrification or by the intake of plants of NO 3 again KH. In some situations it is best to complete destruction of the KH and pH, and then decreases significantly. However, this is the exception and only with lack of water hygiene likely.
nitrite / nitrite peak
The bacterial degradation of the ammonium / ammonia is formed, the nitrite NO 2 . This Nitrite by the bacteria of the genus Nitrobacter and other bacteria further oxidized to nitrate. First, the nitrite in the aquarium and to collect but disappears again when the bacteria are present in sufficient numbers and do their work.
The bacteria are called sessile bacteria. That is, they attach themselves to a substrate, such as the soil surface on roots, rocks or the filter material. Beautiful outdoor water contains only very small amounts of these bacteria. This applies both to and for Nitrobacter Nitrosomonas. This increase begins after about 6-7 days and finds its high point, around 20 and 24 Day. This course and its peak is not typical in its quality but in the amount and its timing. This depends on many factors including temperature, pH value, the nitrite content itself, and therefore neither the level nor the time to predict. If the bacteria have established first but the nitrite is only very weakly detectable.
How does the nitrite?
in blood hemoglobin for oxygen transport is responsible. The NO 2 can now attach to the corresponding receptors and change as hemoglobin. This is called methemoglobin, this is not the oxygen-carrying capability. The fish suffocated so. As a symptom, we observe the amplified breathing of the animals, which then directly under the Surface are! Moreover, these operations have u8nd an influence on the osmoregulation of the blood pH.
When is a nitrite peak dangerous?
When it moved into an aquarium is an increase of nitrite levels as are primarily maintenance error into account how to thorough cleaning filter or substrate cleaning but also the use of bacteria harmful drugs. In such a case, the increase in care and control in narrow time intervals, and the cause removed. Most recover quickly, the bacteria and the peak falls from low and of short duration. For very sensitive fish and very soft water enters the toxic effect more of a. Action is needed from values above 0.5 mg / l possibly even earlier.
is much more likely to dangerous increases when newly established aquarium to be occupied soon. There is also the height of dramatic NO come 2 concentrations. A limit on the toxicity of NO 2 can also define very difficult. He is even on the type, pH value, ion content, for example chlorides, and many other factors. A value of 0.5 but it should not be exceeded under any circumstances and may result in individual cases even with fish lesions and deaths.
How you react to an increase in nitrite? Order from the nitrite the water to get help only change the water. The amount should be such that the value then clearly below 0.5 mg / liter. If the value rises again over these limits is to respond again! The quantity required, but by 80% and should be changed up to 2 times daily.
nitrate
The nitrate NO 3 is the end product of Nitrifikationskette. It is taken up by plants. The plants are capable of absorbing all the way 3 nitrogen compounds thus NH3/NH4, NO and NO 2 3 . In a balanced aquarium with a mature bacterial flora, therefore, the nitrate is very low there and is growing little. High nitrate levels, it is said to favor the growth of algae! Values to 25 mg / l are tolerable.